2.1. Possible malfunctions, their reasons and methods of elimination
Cause of defect
|
Elimination method
|
Knock of radical bearings of a bent shaft
|
|
Usually knock of deaf tone, metal. It is found at sharp opening of butterfly valves idling. Its frequency increases with increase in frequency of rotation of a bent shaft. The excessive axial gap of a bent shaft causes knock sharper with the uneven intervals especially noticeable at smooth increase and reduction of frequency of rotation of a bent shaft
|
|
Too early ignition
|
Adjust installation of the moment of ignition
|
Insufficient pressure of oil
|
See malfunction "Insufficient pressure of oil idling"
|
Bolts of fastening of a flywheel are weakened
|
Tighten bolts the recommended moment
|
The increased gap between necks and inserts of radical bearings
|
Of a neck also replace with Proshlifuyte inserts
|
The increased gap between persistent half rings and a bent shaft
|
Replace persistent half rings new or with the increased thickness, check a gap
|
Knock of conrod bearings
|
|
Usually the knock of conrod bearings is sharper than knock of radical. It is listened idling the engine at sharp opening of butterfly valves. It is easy to define the place of knock, disconnecting in turn spark plugs
|
|
Insufficient pressure of oil
|
See malfunction "Insufficient pressure of oil idling"
|
Excessive gap between conrod necks of a bent shaft and inserts
|
Replace inserts and a neck proshlifuyta
|
Knock of pistons
|
|
The knock is usually not ringing, muffled; is caused by piston "beating" in the cylinder. Best of all it is listened with a small frequency of rotation of a bent shaft and under loading
|
|
The increased gap between pistons and cylinders
|
Replace pistons, chisel also to an otkhonin-guyta cylinders
|
Excessive gap between piston rings and flutes on the piston
|
Replace rings or pistons with rings
|
Knock of inlet and vspuskny valves
|
|
The increased gaps in the valvate mechanism cause characteristic knock, usually with uniform intervals; frequency of its less than the frequency of any other knock in the engine as valves are put in action from the camshaft which frequency of rotation is twice less than the frequency of rotation of a bent shaft
|
|
The increased gaps in the valvate mechanism
|
Adjust gaps
|
Breakage of a valvate spring
|
Replace a spring
|
Excessive gap between the valve and the directing plug
|
Replace worn-out details
|
Wear of cams of the camshaft
|
Replace the camshaft and adjusting washers
|
Insufficient pressure of oil idling on the heated-up engine
|
|
Hit under the reducing valve of pressure of oil of foreign particles
|
Clear the valve of foreign particles and agnails, wash out the oil pump
|
Jamming of the reducing valve of pressure of oil
|
Replace the valve
|
Gear wheels of the oil pump are worn-out
|
Repair the oil pump
|
Excessive gap between inserts and radical necks of a bent shaft
|
Of a neck also replace with Proshlifuyte inserts
|
Excessive gap between necks and cases of bearings of the camshaft
|
Replace the camshaft or a head of cylinders with cases of bearings
|
Use of engine oil of inappropriate brand and quality
|
Replace oil with another, recommended in the appendix 4
|
Excessive pressure of oil on the heated-up engine
|
|
Jamming of the reducing valve of pressure of oil
|
Replace the valve
|
The spring of the reducing valve of pressure of oil has big rigidity
|
Replace a spring
|
The raised oil consumption
|
|
Dribble of oil through consolidations of the engine
|
Tighten fastenings or replace laying and epiploons
|
The system of ventilation of a case is littered
|
Wash out details of system of ventilation of a case
|
Wear of piston rings or cylinders of the engine
|
Chisel cylinders and replace pistons and rings
|
Breakage of piston rings
|
Replace rings
|
Coking up of cuts in oil scraper rings or grooves in flutes of pistons because of use of not recommended oil
|
Clear cuts and grooves of a deposit, replace engine oil recommended in the appendix 4
|
Wear or damage of maslootrazha-telny caps of valves
|
Replace maslootrazhatelny caps
|
The increased wear of cores of valves or guides of plugs
|
Replace valves, repair a head of cylinders
|
Engine overheat
|
|
The arrow of the index of temperature of cooling liquid is in a red zone of a scale. Before troubleshooting be convinced of serviceability of the index of temperature of cooling liquid and its sensor (see the subsection "Control Devices").
|
|
Insufficient amount of liquid
in the cooling system
|
1. Add cooling liquid in the cooling system
|
The external surface of a radiator is strongly polluted
|
2. Clear an external surface of a radiator a water stream
|
The thermostat is faulty
|
3. Replace the thermostat
|
The fan electric motor does not work
|
4. Check the electric motor, replace - that it or repair
|
The pump of cooling liquid is faulty
|
5. Check operation of the pump, replace it or repair
|
Bystry falling of level of liquid in a broad tank
|
|
1. The radiator is damaged
|
1. Repair a radiator or replace
|
2. Damage of hoses or laying to connections of pipelines, weakening of collars
|
2. Replace the damaged hoses or laying, tighten collars of hoses
|